基于磁感式土壤表观电导率空间变异性的插值方法比较

针对目前黄河三角洲地区存在的土壤盐渍障碍问题，以该地区典型地块为研究对象，运用磁感大地电导率仪(EM38)，结合GIS与地统计学研究了不同样点密度下土壤表观电导率的空间变异特征，确定了最佳的空间插值模式，并采用偏差指数对各分布图层的空间相似性进行了评价。结果表明：不同样点密度下的土壤表观电导率均呈中等变异强度，并服从对数正态分布；各样点密度下的土壤表观电导率均表现为强空间相关性，其空间变异主要表现在小于10 m的田间尺度上，且对于预测精度，泛克立格>普通克立格>反距离权重>局部多项式。偏差指数法分析表明，各插值方法分布图的空间相似性均随样点密度的降低而下降；对于相同的样点密度减小比例下的空间信息保留度，泛克立格>普通克立格>反距离权重>局部多项式，采用泛克立格法可以在保证预测精度的基础上合理降低样点密度。该研究为黄河三角洲地区盐渍土地磁感式田间数据采集的合理密度确定以及优化空间插值模式选取提供了理论依据与技术参考。     

A nonlinear 3D finite element analysis of the soil forces acting on a disk plow

This study aimed to compare predicted soil forces on a disk plow with measured forces within the tillage depth of clay (90 g kg⁻¹ sand, 210 g kg⁻¹ silt, 700 g kg⁻¹ clay) and sandy loam (770 g kg⁻¹ sand, 40 g kg⁻¹ silt, 190 g kg⁻¹ clay) soils. The model assumed the effects of both tilt angle and plowing speed. Two plowing speeds (4 and 10 km/h) at three tilt angles (15°, 20° and 25°) were compared and the draft, vertical, and side forces determined. A 3D nonlinear finite element model was used to predict the soil forces while a dynamometer was used to measure them on a disk plow in the field. An incremental method was used to deal with material nonlinearity and the Trapezoidal rule method was used to analyze the dynamic response of soil during tillage. Field tillage experiments were conducted to verify the results of the finite element model. It was found that increasing the tilt angle of the plow increased the draft and vertical forces and decreased the side force. Increasing plowing speed increased the draft and side forces and decreased the vertical force. Generally, the results from the finite element model were found to be compatible with the experimental results in clay soil, while in sandy loam the differences between predicted and measured data were probably due to problems of measuring soil mechanical characteristics in the triaxial test.     

模拟自然降雨条件下植物根系增强边坡土体抗剪强度特征

该研究以位于青藏高原东北部黄土区的西宁盆地作为试验区,采用柠条锦鸡儿(Caragana korshinskii Kom.)、霸王(Zygophyllum xanthoxylon(Bunge)Maxim.)、垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutans Griseb.)、细茎冰草(Agropyron trachycaulum(Linn.)Gaertn.)的单播种植,以及柠条锦鸡儿分别与细茎冰草、垂穗披碱草混播种植等2种方式,开展了原位模拟降雨试验并采用直接剪切试验,系统分析了模拟降雨试验前后试验区边坡表层以下3个不同位置处复合体抗剪强度大小及其随深度变化规律。结果表明:模拟降雨试验前,由柠条锦鸡儿与细茎冰草、垂穗披碱草混播的边坡a层(0~20 cm)根-土复合体黏聚力分别为19.5、18.9 k Pa,均较相同条件下单播边坡a层复合体黏聚力大;混播种植边坡各层根-土复合体黏聚力均较模拟降雨试验后裸坡a层土体黏聚力大,其中柠条锦鸡儿与细茎冰草混播边坡、垂穗披碱草混播边坡模拟降雨试验后,a层复合体黏聚力分别较裸坡a层黏聚力的增幅为30.65%~56.45%;柠条锦鸡儿、霸王、垂穗披碱草、细茎冰草单播边坡b层复合体黏聚力增幅为4.17%~38.89%;柠条锦鸡儿分别与细茎冰草、垂穗披碱草混播边坡b层黏聚力增幅为29.17%~34.72%;边坡c层土体黏聚力增幅相对不及a层、b层显著,反映了草本起到浅层加筋作用,灌木则起到深部锚固作用。     

陕北丘陵区水坝地粮食高产栽培技术研究

根据最优设计原理,采用最优混合设计组合成11个处理试验研究表明,1998年小区最高产量为12.92t/hm~2,1999年小区最高产量达13~815t/hm~2,2000年小区最高产量达15.018t/hm~2。由计算机计算筛选出343个方案,其中15～17.625t/hm~2产量的最优组合方案为施有机肥60t/hm~2,追肥施N素462～483kg/hm~2,播前浇底墒水600t/hm~2,补灌1377～1458t/hm~2,马铃薯套种高粱种植密度为马铃薯7.2705～8.3415万株/hm~2,高粱6.5205～7.5915万株/hm~2。     

非接触式带锯条检测仪

该文就非接触高频反射式涡流传感器用作带锯条非接触检测的电路理论和工作原理进行了分析，介绍了该仪器用于修锯行业作适张度、背弧度检测的优点．     

长白山系列山菜罐头的研制

本文是对吉林省4种山菜即山芹菜、蕨菜、猴腿、龙芽楤木制作罐头生产工艺的研制。采用非铜制剂、干装罐及原料盐化处理等新工艺,在保绿保脆方面取得较好结果,产品保存期可达1年以上。     

ANALYSES FOR DEFECTS OF 18G_2ANb STEEL SPHERICAL TANKS OF NATURAL GAS

Calculations and analyses are made with the CVDA, IIW, JWES standards for the strength and welding defects of two spherical tanks of natural gas in CHONG QING. The results of the analyses indecate that though there are some problems with the welding quality in these tanks, they may still be used with the desingned presure. Now the formal working of these two spherical thanks has verified of the validity the calculations and analyses.     

Vehicle Lateral Stability Control Based on Sliding Model Control

In view of the vehicle cornering or path changing under ultimate handling maneuver, a 3-DOF nonlinear vehicle dynamics model which takes the vehicle lateral velocity, yaw rate and body roll angle as the State variables is presented. Based on the dynamic analysis, the method which using additional yaw moment produced by different longitudinal braking force among each wheels to improving vehicle handling stability in emergency situations is discussed. Considering the sideslip angle as one of the vehicle state variables is difficult to measuring, the sideslip angle estimation based on vehicle dynamic model and kinematics is designed. And then, based on the theory of siding model control, the combining sliding model control system is founded, which taking the vehicle yaw rate and body side-slip angle errors between the estimated and the real as the input variables, and taking the braking torque and the steering angle as control aims. The simulation results indicate that the control method can effectively improve the vehicle lateral handling stability.     

Asymmetric Exhaustive Service Polling System with Bernoulli Feedback

This paper studies asymmetric exhaustive service polling system with Bernoulli feedback,gives the distributions of queue lengths and sojoun times,and obtains some other results,in stationary condition.